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The Human Spirit in the Holocaust
A PODCAST FOR STUDENTS
The Human Spirit in the Holocaust podcast series shines a light on remarkable stories of courage during one of the darkest periods in human history. Each episode profiles individual stories of resilience, resistance and rescue.

This podcast series is curated specifically for middle and high school students, with each episode running approximately 15 minutes in length. Teachers will note that episodes are aligned to one or more Units within Echoes & Reflections, and can be introduced as part of classroom instruction or for independent learning and research.
The Human Spirit in the Holocaust is available for streaming and download on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and Google.
Refuge In the Circus
ADOLF ALTHOFF
During the Holocaust, every Jew in Europe was marked for death. Options for survival were few. Those who could hide had a better chance of staying alive, but who would have the courage to help?
LISTEN TO ADOLF’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 8: Rescue and Righteous Among the Nations
Refuge In the Circus
ADOLF ALTHOFF
During the Holocaust, every Jew in Europe was marked for death. Options for survival were few. Those who could hide had a better chance of staying alive, but who would have the courage to help?
LISTEN TO ADOLF’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 8: Rescue and Righteous Among the Nations
  • L to R: Gerda, Sessy and Irene, Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • The Bentos. L to R: Peter, his father Jose, his father's wife Margot, and Irene, Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • Adolf Althoff, director of the Althoff circus, who saved Irene Danner and her family during the war, Yad Vashem photo archive
  • Maria and Adolf Althoff, Yad Vashem Photo Archive
  • Irene, 1928 (aged 5), Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • Poster by the Strobridge Lithography Company advertising the Lorch Family at Ringling Bros. Circus (1909) — Private Collection, made available under a Creative Commons Attrib.-Noncom-No Deriv. Works 3.0 US License
  • Irene, 1941 (aged 20), Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • October 1943. Irene, Peter and their firstborn; Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • Irene Danner at the circus: Irene's husband Peter (second from left), her mother Alice (first on right) her father Hans (shirtless) and Irene (center), Yad Vashem photo archive
  • Irene, age 12, Credit: 'Der Clown und die Zirkusreiterin', by Ingeborg Prior, published by Piper Verlag, Munich, Germany
  • Irene during the years in hiding with the Althoffs, here with Maria Althoff’s elephants. Credit: Yad Vashem photo archives.
Boxing For His Life
VICTOR "YOUNG" PEREZ
Victor "Young" Perez was a talented and celebrated Jewish boxer from North Africa. With the German occupation, Victor’s fame could not prevent his arrest or deportation. Was his fighting spirit enough to help him survive?
LISTEN TO VICTOR’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 1: Studying the Holocaust/Prewar Jewish Life
Unit 7: Jewish Resistance
Boxing For His Life
VICTOR PEREZ
Victor "Young" Perez was a talented and celebrated Jewish boxer from North Africa. With the German occupation, Victor’s fame could not prevent his arrest or deportation. Was his fighting spirit enough to help him survive?
LISTEN TO VICTOR’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 1: Studying the Holocaust/Prewar Jewish Life
Unit 7: Jewish Resistance
  • Victor 'Young' Perez; Wikimedia Commons
  • Victor 'Young' Perez, originally from Tunis, world boxing flyweight champion, 1931. Credit: Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot, The Oster Visual Documentation Center. Courtesy of Andre Nahum, www.bh.org.il.
  • Maccabi Boxing Club, Tunis, Tunisia, 1923; Wikimedia Commons
  • Page of Testimony for Victor 'Young' Perez, Yad Vashem Archives
One Fierce Female
VLADKA MEED
When the Germans condemned the Jews to live in ghettos, they cut them off from the world. To have any chance of surviving, it was vital to resist in any way possible. To have any chance of fighting back, it was crucial to smuggle in secret information and weapons.
LISTEN TO VLADKA’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 1: Studying the Holocaust/Prewar Jewish Life
Unit 7: Jewish Resistance
One Fierce Female
VLADKA MEED
When the Germans condemned the Jews to live in ghettos, they cut them off from the world. To have any chance of surviving, it was vital to resist in any way possible. To have any chance of fighting back, it was crucial to smuggle in secret information and weapons.
LISTEN TO VLADKA’S STORY
Episode
Transcript
Student
Reflection
Handout
THIS EPISODE ALIGNS WITH:
Unit 1: Studying the Holocaust/Prewar Jewish Life
Unit 7: Jewish Resistance
  • Photo used in false identification card issued in name of Stanislawa Wachalska, that was used by Feigele Peltel (now Vladka Meed) while serving as a courier for the Jewish underground in Warsaw. Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives #02325B, courtesy of Benjamin (Miedzyrzecki) Meed
  • Vladka and Ben Meed, Credit: Ghetto Fighters’ House Museum, Israel/Photo Archive
  • False identification card which Vladka Meed had used from 1940–42 on the Aryan side of Warsaw, smuggling arms to Jewish fighters and helping Jews escape from the ghetto. Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 02332, courtesy of Benjamin (Miedzyrzecki) Meed
  • Feigele Peltel (now Vladka Meed) on one of her missions as a courier for the Jewish underground. Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 02346, courtesy of Benjamin (Miedzyrzecki) Meed
  • Feigele Peltel (now Vladka Meed), a courier for the Jewish underground on the 'Aryan side' of Warsaw, poses in Theater Square (Plac Teatralny). Credit: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives # 02332, courtesy of Benjamin (Miedzyrzecki) Meed


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